@techreport{oai:nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010209,
 author = {"Shimazu,  H. and Machida,  S. and Tanaka,  M."},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {"An implicit-particle simulation of the collisionless parallel shock created at the interface between an injected beam and a stationary plasma is performed in one dimensional geometry with kinetic electrons inclusive.  Electromagnetic waves with the right-hand circular polarization propagating upstream (R^- waves) are generated at the interface of the two plasmas.  The R^- waves decelerate the injected beam to form a shock.  The shock transition region is not monotonic but consists of two distinct regions, a pedestal and a shock ramp.  The length of the transition region which contains the plasma interface is a few thousand electron skin depths.  The parallel shock is non-stationary and repeats collapse and re-formation periodically in time.  The right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves propagating downstream (R^+waves) are repeatedly excited at the shock ramp.  Nonlinear wave-particle interaction between the beam and the R^+ waves causes wave condensation and density modulation.  The R^+ waves are considered to sweep away the downstream plasma to suppress its thermal diffusion across the shock."},
 title = {Macro-Particle Simulation of Collisionless Parallel Shocks},
 year = {1995}
}