@techreport{oai:nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010299,
 author = {"Tanaka,  M. and Murakami,  S. and Takamaru,  H. and Sato,  T."},
 month = {May},
 note = {"An implicit, electromagnetic particle (kinetic) simulation method is presented that can deal with multi-dimensional, inhomogeneous and finite beta plasmas in large space and time scales. To include the diamagnetic effects in strongly magnetized (omega_  ce geq omega_ pe) and inhomogeneous, kinetic plasmas of the large scales, full-implicit ""directly-coupled field-particle equations"" are derived by using the backward time-decentered scheme and the guiding center approximation with the magnetic drifts about the electron perpendicular motion. This algorithm has been implemented for studies of inhomogeneous and magnetized plasmas of three-dimensions. The basic algorithm of the code is described and several physics applications are shown for the Alfven-ion-cyclotron instability and kink instability of the peaked density ion beam."},
 title = {"Macroscale Implicit, Electromagnetic Particle Simulation of Inhomogeneous and Magnetized Plasmas in Multi-Dimensions"},
 year = {1991}
}