@article{oai:nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp:00011607,
 author = {ZEELAND, M. A. Van and BARDOCZ, L. and GONZALEZ-MARTIN, J. and HEIDBRINK, William Walter and PODESTA, Mario and AUSTIN, M. and COLLINS, C. S. and DU, Xiaodi and DUARTE, Vinícius and GARCIA-MUNOZ, Manuel and MUNARETTO, Stefano and THOME, Kathreen and TODO,  Yasushi and WANG, X.},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
 month = {May},
 note = {0000-0002-7911-2739, Beam modulation effects on Alfvén eigenmode stability have been investigated in a recent DIII-D experiment and show that variations in neutral beam modulation period can have an impact on the beam driven Alfvén eigenmode spectrum and resultant fast ion transport despite similar time-averaged input power. The experiment was carried out during the current ramp phase of L-mode discharges heated with sub-Alfvénic 50–80 kV deuterium neutral beams that drive a variety of Alfvén eigenmodes unstable. The modulation period of two interleaved beams with different tangency radii was varied from shot to shot in order to modify the relative time dependent mix of the beam pitch angle distribution as well as the persistence of a bump-on-tail feature near the injection energy (a feature confirmed by imaging neutral particle analyzer measurements). As the beam modulation period is varied from 7 ms to 30 ms on/off (typical full energy slowing down time of τslow ≈ 50 ms at mid-radius), toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) located in the outer periphery of the plasma become intermittent and coincident with the more tangential beam. Core mode activity changes from reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) to a mix of RSAE and beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes. Discharges with 30 ms on/off period do not have a persistent bump-on-tail feature, have the lowest average mode amplitude and least fast ion transport. Detailed analysis of an individual TAE using TRANSP kick modeling (Monte Carlo evolution of the distribution function with probabilistic 'kicks' by the AEs) and the resistive MHD code with kinetic fast ions, MEGA, find no strong role of energy gradient drive due to bump-on-tail features. Instead, the observed TAE modulation with interleaved beams is likely a pitch angle dependent result combined with slowing down of the tangential beam between pulses. For the conditions investigated, bump-on-tail contributions to TAE drive were found to be 5% or less of the total drive at any given time.},
 title = {Beam modulation and bump-on-tail effects on Alfvén eigenmode stability in DIII-D},
 volume = {61},
 year = {2021}
}