@article{oai:nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000089,
 author = {Nagaoka,  K. and Ida,  K. and Yoshinuma,  M. and Suzuki,  Y. and Kamiya,  K. and Satake,  S. and Tanaka,  K. and Yokoyama,  M. and Murakami,  S. and Osakabe,  M. and Takahashi,  H. and Seki,  R. and SUZUKI,  C. and Narushima,  Y. and Nakano,  H. and Kisaki,  M. and Ikeda,  K. and Tsumori,  K. and Takeiri,  Y. and Kaneko,  O. and Yamada,  H. and LHD, Experiment Group},
 issue = {Issue5},
 journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Three-dimensional effects on plasma flows have been experimentally studied in the large helical device with 3D configurations. Spontaneous toroidal flow without net driving force using the combination of perpendicular neutral beam injection (NBI) heating and balanced tangential NBI heating has been investigated with two magnetic configurations. Co- and counter-directed spontaneous flows have been observed depending on the collisionality. Toroidal flow shear changes the sign at 0.4<reff<0.6  between co- and counter-flowing plasmas, where reff is a averaged minor radius. The detailed flow structures have been also examined at the edge region with stochastic magnetic field. A poloidal flow driven by the positive radial electric field has been observed at the open field region just outside of the plasma boundary. At the stochastic region, a shear of poloidal flow has been observed, while no shear of toroidal flow has been observed. The toroidal flow shear changes only in the nested magnetic flux surface region. A difference of density fluctuation property has been observed between co- and counter-flowing plasmas, where toroidal flow shears are formed.},
 title = {3-D effects on viscosity and generation of toroidal and poloidal flows in LHD},
 volume = {Vol.20},
 year = {2013}
}